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fix(db): serialize paced writes and restore failed optimistic callbacks - #2062

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KyleAMathews merged 8 commits into
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codex/paced-review-2058
Oct 7, 2026
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KyleAMathews merged 8 commits into
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codex/paced-review-2058

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@KyleAMathews

@KyleAMathews KyleAMathews commented Oct 6, 2026 •

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Changes

Debounce and throttle could start a second backend write while an earlier handler was still running. A later write now waits for its timing edge and for the earlier handler to finish. This keeps the documented limit of one persisting write per strategy.

The strategy now retains each admitted transaction until it starts or fails. Calls to one manager can still merge into its pending transaction. Two managers can also share one strategy object. They share its timer or queue, while each manager keeps a separate transaction and receipt.

A paced receipt now rejects a manual commit() call before persistence starts. The strategy owns that commit edge. Callers can still use rollback() or await when('settled').

A failed synchronous mutation callback restores the optimistic state from before that call. Restoration publishes after the failed callback leaves the transaction context, so a subscriber write cannot enter the failed transaction. If a paced callback admits another call into its pending transaction and then throws, every receipt in that group rejects. A later independent call can persist.

The transaction now copies prior mutations only when a callback first writes. Five callbacks with no writes no longer traverse a transaction's 16 prior mutations. Real writes still use the existing linear merge path.

The follow-up review audit records all nine review findings, their witnesses, and the remaining coverage limits.

Verification

  • The DB package passed 8,848 tests in 250 files with two test threads and no type errors.
  • Focused ESLint, Prettier, TypeScript, and the DB package build passed.
  • The paced oracle checks held writes, rollback, shared strategies, manual commit rejection, and receipt settlement.
  • The optimistic transaction oracle checks failed callback restoration and the no-write snapshot cost.

Release impact

  • This change affects published code and includes a patch changeset.
  • This change is docs, CI, or development only.

Fixes #2058.

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Bug Fixes

    • Paced mutations now serialize pending writes while preserving admitted work across shared strategies. Rejected calls no longer cancel unrelated work, and failed mutation groups reject their receipts.
    • Failed synchronous mutation callbacks restore their changes while retaining earlier successful changes. If a listener also throws during restoration, all affected collections are still restored.
    • Debounce and throttle leading writes remain available after a failed admission.
    • Direct commits of paced transactions now fail; use the strategy-managed receipt to track completion or roll back the transaction.
  • Documentation

    • Clarified mutation failure behavior, how managers and strategies share paced work, and coverage guidance for persistence and rollback scenarios.

@changeset-bot

changeset-bot Bot commented Oct 6, 2026 •

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7b4c848

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 25 packages
Name Type
@tanstack/db Patch
@tanstack/angular-db Patch
@tanstack/capacitor-db-sqlite-persistence-e2e-app Patch
@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core Patch
@tanstack/electric-db-collection Patch
@tanstack/expo-db-sqlite-persistence-e2e-app Patch
@tanstack/indexeddb-db-collection Patch
@tanstack/offline-transactions Patch
@tanstack/powersync-db-collection Patch
@tanstack/query-db-collection Patch
@tanstack/react-db Patch
@tanstack/rxdb-db-collection Patch
@tanstack/solid-db Patch
@tanstack/svelte-db Patch
@tanstack/tauri-db-sqlite-persistence-e2e-app Patch
@tanstack/trailbase-db-collection Patch
@tanstack/vue-db Patch
@tanstack/browser-db-sqlite-persistence Patch
@tanstack/capacitor-db-sqlite-persistence Patch
@tanstack/cloudflare-durable-objects-db-sqlite-persistence Patch
@tanstack/electron-db-sqlite-persistence Patch
@tanstack/expo-db-sqlite-persistence Patch
@tanstack/node-db-sqlite-persistence Patch
@tanstack/react-native-db-sqlite-persistence Patch
@tanstack/tauri-db-sqlite-persistence Patch

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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Debounce, throttle, and queue strategies now coordinate transaction admission with serialized persistence completion. Paced transactions reject manual commits. Synchronous mutation callback failures restore prior intent. Tests and contributor records describe covered histories and limits.

Changes

Paced mutations and transaction recovery

Layer / File(s) Summary
Serialize admitted strategy persistence
packages/db/src/strategies/types.ts, packages/db/src/strategies/serial-pacer.ts, packages/db/src/strategies/commit-completion.ts, packages/db/src/strategies/debounceStrategy.ts, packages/db/src/strategies/throttleStrategy.ts, packages/db/src/strategies/queueStrategy.ts, packages/db/src/paced-mutations.ts, packages/db/src/errors.ts, packages/db/tests/paced-mutations-oracle.test.ts, .changeset/serialize-paced-persistence.md
Strategy callbacks coordinate admission and persistence completion. Debounce, throttle, and queue persistence use serialized execution. Paced transactions reject direct commits. Oracle tests cover held writes, settlement, rollback, reentry, shared strategies, and callback failures.
Restore state after mutation callback failures
packages/db/src/transactions.ts, packages/db/tests/optimistic-transaction-oracle.property.test.ts, packages/db/tests/query/scheduler.test.ts, docs/guides/mutations.md
A throwing synchronous mutate() callback restores that call’s changes while preserving earlier successful mutations. Tests cover multiple Collections, nested callbacks, subscriber writes, and restoration-listener errors.
Document behavior and bounded evidence
docs/contributing/oracle-coverage.md, docs/contributing/oracle-reviews/*, docs/guides/mutations.md
Contributor records describe tested histories, observed results, and coverage limits for paced persistence and transaction recovery.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~45 minutes

Change: Bug fix · Severity of issue fixed: Medium

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant Caller
  participant PacedMutations
  participant DebounceStrategy
  participant SerialPacer
  participant Transaction
  Caller->>PacedMutations: submit paced mutation
  PacedMutations->>DebounceStrategy: execute with admission and commit callbacks
  DebounceStrategy->>PacedMutations: admit optimistic update
  DebounceStrategy->>SerialPacer: schedule persistence callback
  SerialPacer->>PacedMutations: run strategy commit
  PacedMutations->>Transaction: commit transaction
  Transaction-->>SerialPacer: persistence completion
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Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to a596d

The release note is readable as written, and no actionable merge risk was established.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 47.37% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 19 functions across 12 files. (1 skipped:… Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Issue #2058 requires one persisting transaction at a time for debounce and throttle. The PR adds createSerialPacer, retains admitted transactions, and delays later starts until the timing edge and e…
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed The transaction restoration, strategy-owned commit, commit-completion handling, shared-strategy behavior, and related documentation support the serialization and failure semantics required by issue #2…
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly summarizes the two main changes: serializing paced writes and restoring failed optimistic callbacks.
Description check ✅ Passed The description explains the changes, motivation, verification results, release impact, changeset status, and linked issue. It does not use the template's exact Checklist heading, but it includes the …
Full details: Docstring Coverage

Explanation

Docstring coverage is 47.37% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 19 functions across 12 files. (1 skipped: 1 unsupported.)

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Size Change: +2.1 kB (+1.1%)

Total Size: 194 kB

📦 View Changed
Filename Size Change
packages/db/dist/esm/errors.js 5.74 kB +69 B (+1.22%)
packages/db/dist/esm/index.js 4.14 kB +22 B (+0.53%)
packages/db/dist/esm/paced-mutations.js 1.05 kB +346 B (+49.29%) 🚨
packages/db/dist/esm/strategies/commit-completion.js 156 B +156 B (new file) 🆕
packages/db/dist/esm/strategies/debounceStrategy.js 658 B +327 B (+98.79%) 🆘
packages/db/dist/esm/strategies/queueStrategy.js 523 B +35 B (+7.17%) 🔍
packages/db/dist/esm/strategies/serial-pacer.js 486 B +486 B (new file) 🆕
packages/db/dist/esm/strategies/throttleStrategy.js 738 B +352 B (+91.19%) 🆘
packages/db/dist/esm/transactions.js 4.2 kB +307 B (+7.88%) 🔍
ℹ️ View Unchanged
Filename Size
packages/db/dist/esm/client.js 3.66 kB
packages/db/dist/esm/collection-options.js 236 B
packages/db/dist/esm/collection/change-events.js 1.64 kB
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compressed-size-action::db-and-react-package-size

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Incremental update benchmark

Comparing 0d6a714f (this PR) against 0dfade1f (base). Write times are per-write medians over 100 iterations (20 warmup writes). Cold hydrate is one timed first load of each query.

Overall median write time vs base: 1.01× · cold hydrate time: 0.91× (geometric mean of per-case ratios; lower is faster).

Writes: 1 regression(s), 2 improvement(s) (threshold: ±20% and >0.05ms).

Cold hydrate: 0 regression(s), 2 improvement(s) (threshold: ±50% and >5ms).

Per-case flags are noisy on shared runners. Read the geometric means first.

Writes

Query Δ median write time (geomean) Best case Worst case Flags
list: newest 50 open +2.0% -9.3% +35.6% —
list + author +4.8% -31.3% +46.6% 1 🟢
list + comment count -0.1% -13.0% +22.4% —
list + 3 recent comments +4.6% -9.6% +97.2% 1 🔴
issue detail + comments -5.4% -34.5% +4.6% 1 🟢

Cold hydrate

Query Δ cold hydrate time (geomean) Best case Worst case Flags
list: newest 50 open -14.0% -50.4% +29.2% —
list + author +4.3% -43.1% +73.6% —
list + comment count -5.5% -49.2% +36.3% —
list + 3 recent comments -24.6% -87.9% +24.4% 2 🟢
issue detail + comments -1.1% -21.3% +41.4% —

Each row aggregates the 12 scale/index/write-mode configurations of that query; per-configuration tables below.

100 rows/collection | source indexes: none | synced writes — geomean 0.96×, cold 1.02×
Query Base median PR median Δ median Base p95 PR p95 Δ p95 Base cold PR cold Δ cold
list: newest 50 open 0.194ms 0.187ms -3.7% 0.341ms 0.355ms +4.3% 13.234ms 13.712ms +3.6%
list + author 0.260ms 0.239ms -8.2% 0.411ms 0.387ms -5.8% 9.789ms 10.308ms +5.3%
list + comment count 0.545ms 0.475ms -13.0% 0.857ms 0.805ms -6.0% 15.826ms 17.835ms +12.7%
list + 3 recent comments 0.243ms 0.250ms +3.2% 0.347ms 0.420ms +20.9% 11.651ms 10.125ms -13.1%
issue detail + comments 0.175ms 0.183ms +4.6% 0.290ms 0.312ms +7.7% 1.367ms 1.379ms +0.9%
100 rows/collection | source indexes: none | optimistic writes — geomean 0.97×, cold 1.03×
Query Base median PR median Δ median Base p95 PR p95 Δ p95 Base cold PR cold Δ cold
list: newest 50 open 0.135ms 0.133ms -1.1% 0.216ms 0.219ms +1.2% 2.275ms 2.756ms +21.1%
list + author 0.159ms 0.160ms +0.3% 0.263ms 0.259ms -1.5% 3.777ms 3.790ms +0.3%
list + comment count 0.266ms 0.252ms -5.2% 0.434ms 0.422ms -2.8% 6.104ms 6.798ms +11.4%
list + 3 recent comments 0.199ms 0.180ms -9.6% 0.302ms 0.291ms -3.8% 7.374ms 6.820ms -7.5%
issue detail + comments 0.124ms 0.125ms +0.7% 0.200ms 0.209ms +4.8% 0.878ms 0.824ms -6.1%
100 rows/collection | source indexes: manual | synced writes — geomean 0.97×, cold 0.73×, 2 change(s)
Query Base median PR median Δ median Base p95 PR p95 Δ p95 Base cold PR cold Δ cold
list: newest 50 open 0.096ms 0.130ms +35.6% 0.204ms 0.178ms -12.8% 6.174ms 3.061ms -50.4%
list + author 0.167ms 0.115ms -31.3% 0.214ms 0.217ms +1.1% 🟢 4.054ms 4.246ms +4.7%
list + comment count 0.372ms 0.348ms -6.4% 0.476ms 0.434ms -8.7% 7.144ms 6.146ms -14.0%
list + 3 recent comments 0.173ms 0.173ms -0.1% 0.224ms 0.224ms -0.2% 9.641ms 4.577ms -52.5% 🟢
issue detail + comments 0.123ms 0.120ms -2.4% 0.192ms 0.159ms -17.3% 0.402ms 0.398ms -1.1%
100 rows/collection | source indexes: manual | optimistic writes — geomean 1.06×, cold 0.76×
Query Base median PR median Δ median Base p95 PR p95 Δ p95 Base cold PR cold Δ cold
list: newest 50 open 0.110ms 0.110ms -0.0% 0.188ms 0.190ms +0.9% 0.899ms 0.836ms -7.0%
list + author 0.148ms 0.184ms +24.2% 0.241ms 0.260ms +7.9% 3.336ms 1.898ms -43.1%
list + comment count 0.208ms 0.208ms 0.0% 0.275ms 0.323ms +17.4% 6.128ms 3.112ms -49.2%
list + 3 recent comments 0.145ms 0.153ms +5.9% 0.188ms 0.254ms +35.0% 6.322ms 6.128ms -3.1%
issue detail + comments 0.115ms 0.115ms -0.2% 0.208ms 0.162ms -22.1% 0.396ms 0.377ms -4.8%
1,000 rows/collection | source indexes: none | synced writes — geomean 1.01×, cold 0.83×, 1 change(s)
Query Base median PR median Δ median Base p95 PR p95 Δ p95 Base cold PR cold Δ cold
list: newest 50 open 0.073ms 0.072ms -0.1% 0.100ms 0.138ms +37.3% 10.209ms 5.748ms -43.7%
list + author 0.104ms 0.153ms +46.6% 0.139ms 0.213ms +53.0% 19.271ms 18.534ms -3.8%
list + comment count 0.262ms 0.279ms +6.7% 0.477ms 0.422ms -11.5% 45.599ms 40.577ms -11.0%
list + 3 recent comments 0.159ms 0.160ms +0.8% 0.205ms 0.364ms +77.5% 37.087ms 39.398ms +6.2%
issue detail + comments 0.159ms 0.104ms -34.5% 0.194ms 0.167ms -14.2% 🟢 2.118ms 1.667ms -21.3%
1,000 rows/collection | source indexes: none | optimistic writes — geomean 1.06×, cold 0.87×
Query Base median PR median Δ median Base p95 PR p95 Δ p95 Base cold PR cold Δ cold
list: newest 50 open 0.101ms 0.106ms +5.8% 0.139ms 0.196ms +41.2% 10.180ms 5.285ms -48.1%
list + author 0.136ms 0.185ms +35.8% 0.249ms 0.337ms +35.5% 18.589ms 22.343ms +20.2%
list + comment count 0.192ms 0.202ms +5.7% 0.303ms 0.256ms -15.7% 22.698ms 30.942ms +36.3%
list + 3 recent comments 0.134ms 0.130ms -3.3% 0.164ms 0.164ms -0.3% 27.109ms 20.182ms -25.6%
issue detail + comments 0.117ms 0.108ms -7.6% 0.196ms 0.146ms -25.7% 1.337ms 1.082ms -19.1%
1,000 rows/collection | source indexes: manual | synced writes — geomean 1.05×, cold 1.18×
Query Base median PR median Δ median Base p95 PR p95 Δ p95 Base cold PR cold Δ cold
list: newest 50 open 0.065ms 0.070ms +7.9% 0.090ms 0.113ms +25.4% 1.346ms 1.424ms +5.8%
list + author 0.100ms 0.111ms +10.9% 0.196ms 0.204ms +3.9% 1.680ms 2.916ms +73.6%
list + comment count 0.222ms 0.271ms +22.4% 0.273ms 0.320ms +17.5% 2.535ms 3.157ms +24.5%
list + 3 recent comments 0.170ms 0.154ms -9.6% 0.286ms 0.276ms -3.4% 4.054ms 3.940ms -2.8%
issue detail + comments 0.106ms 0.103ms -3.4% 0.155ms 0.134ms -13.5% 0.423ms 0.430ms +1.6%
1,000 rows/collection | source indexes: manual | optimistic writes — geomean 1.02×, cold 0.92×
Query Base median PR median Δ median Base p95 PR p95 Δ p95 Base cold PR cold Δ cold
list: newest 50 open 0.090ms 0.092ms +2.3% 0.118ms 0.120ms +2.3% 0.773ms 0.817ms +5.6%
list + author 0.123ms 0.125ms +1.6% 0.185ms 0.160ms -13.1% 1.632ms 1.664ms +1.9%
list + comment count 0.189ms 0.204ms +7.9% 0.302ms 0.250ms -17.0% 3.146ms 2.557ms -18.7%
list + 3 recent comments 0.138ms 0.137ms -0.9% 0.237ms 0.219ms -7.6% 5.347ms 3.772ms -29.5%
issue detail + comments 0.109ms 0.108ms -0.5% 0.132ms 0.150ms +13.6% 0.543ms 0.591ms +8.8%
10,000 rows/collection | source indexes: none | synced writes — geomean 0.99×, cold 1.12×
Query Base median PR median Δ median Base p95 PR p95 Δ p95 Base cold PR cold Δ cold
list: newest 50 open 0.071ms 0.072ms +1.8% 0.098ms 0.094ms -3.9% 61.346ms 62.510ms +1.9%
list + author 0.102ms 0.105ms +3.6% 0.147ms 0.142ms -3.0% 173.614ms 185.019ms +6.6%
list + comment count 0.263ms 0.233ms -11.2% 0.431ms 0.293ms -31.9% 295.671ms 267.070ms -9.7%
list + 3 recent comments 0.164ms 0.174ms +6.2% 0.284ms 0.284ms -0.0% 195.410ms 243.186ms +24.4%
issue detail + comments 0.102ms 0.100ms -2.0% 0.134ms 0.134ms +0.3% 5.250ms 7.424ms +41.4%
10,000 rows/collection | source indexes: none | optimistic writes — geomean 0.97×, cold 0.97×
Query Base median PR median Δ median Base p95 PR p95 Δ p95 Base cold PR cold Δ cold
list: newest 50 open 0.103ms 0.102ms -1.2% 0.148ms 0.125ms -16.0% 45.167ms 58.365ms +29.2%
list + author 0.136ms 0.133ms -1.9% 0.225ms 0.171ms -23.8% 192.966ms 166.759ms -13.6%
list + comment count 0.255ms 0.243ms -4.7% 0.418ms 0.283ms -32.4% 272.010ms 232.264ms -14.6%
list + 3 recent comments 0.147ms 0.141ms -4.1% 0.238ms 0.172ms -27.5% 180.048ms 162.616ms -9.7%
issue detail + comments 0.123ms 0.117ms -4.9% 0.215ms 0.163ms -24.4% 5.131ms 5.043ms -1.7%
10,000 rows/collection | source indexes: manual | synced writes — geomean 1.12×, cold 1.13×, 1 change(s)
Query Base median PR median Δ median Base p95 PR p95 Δ p95 Base cold PR cold Δ cold
list: newest 50 open 0.070ms 0.063ms -9.3% 0.092ms 0.087ms -5.1% 1.496ms 1.455ms -2.8%
list + author 0.101ms 0.105ms +4.0% 0.134ms 0.156ms +16.4% 2.928ms 4.723ms +61.3%
list + comment count 0.257ms 0.267ms +3.9% 0.300ms 0.439ms +46.4% 6.857ms 7.066ms +3.1%
list + 3 recent comments 0.163ms 0.322ms +97.2% 0.226ms 0.369ms +63.3% 🔴 5.988ms 7.443ms +24.3%
issue detail + comments 0.123ms 0.115ms -6.8% 0.219ms 0.147ms -33.1% 0.838ms 0.782ms -6.6%
10,000 rows/collection | source indexes: manual | optimistic writes — geomean 0.97×, cold 0.59×, 1 change(s)
Query Base median PR median Δ median Base p95 PR p95 Δ p95 Base cold PR cold Δ cold
list: newest 50 open 0.107ms 0.099ms -7.3% 0.142ms 0.176ms +24.1% 2.732ms 1.848ms -32.4%
list + author 0.133ms 0.126ms -5.5% 0.182ms 0.154ms -15.5% 3.249ms 2.814ms -13.4%
list + comment count 0.264ms 0.259ms -1.8% 0.311ms 0.394ms +27.0% 4.917ms 4.644ms -5.6%
list + 3 recent comments 0.160ms 0.159ms -0.7% 0.201ms 0.357ms +78.1% 34.343ms 4.140ms -87.9% 🟢
issue detail + comments 0.134ms 0.133ms -0.7% 0.169ms 0.174ms +2.8% 0.618ms 0.662ms +7.2%

Runner: node v24.8.0, linux 6.17.0-1022-azure, AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor. Timings on shared CI runners are noisy; treat small deltas as indicative only.

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Comment thread packages/db/src/strategies/serial-pacer.ts Outdated
@KyleAMathews KyleAMathews changed the title fix(db): serialize paced mutation persistence fix(db): serialize paced writes and restore failed optimistic callbacks Oct 7, 2026

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🧹 Nitpick comments (1)
packages/db/tests/paced-mutations-oracle.test.ts (1)

2348-2348: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | 💤 Low value

Remove the redundant ternary.

kind === \debounce` ? 1 : 1gives1for both branches. The ternary suggests that the two strategies use different timing, but they do not. Use1` directly.

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Review comment at @packages/db/tests/paced-mutations-oracle.test.ts at line
2348:
In the paced-mutation test around vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync, replace the
redundant kind-based ternary with the shared delay value of 1.

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---

Nitpick comments:
Review comments at @packages/db/tests/paced-mutations-oracle.test.ts:
- Line 2348: In the paced-mutation test around vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync,
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---

Keep paced mutation persistence serial while a backend write is pending, including after rollback. Preserve every admitted write when managers share one strategy. Reject manual commits that bypass strategy timing.
Restore a transaction's prior optimistic changes when a synchronous `mutate` callback throws. Reject all receipts merged into a failed paced mutation group.

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📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🟡 Minor | ⚡ Quick win

Hyphenate “paced-mutation” in the release note.

Use “failed paced-mutation group” to make the compound modifier clear.

🧰 Tools
🪛 LanguageTool

[grammar] ~6-~6: Use a hyphen to join words.
Context: ...Reject all receipts merged into a failed paced mutation group.

(QB_NEW_EN_HYPHEN)

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Review comment at @.changeset/serialize-paced-persistence.md at line 6:
Update the release note wording to hyphenate “paced-mutation” when describing
the failed group, while preserving the existing behavior description.

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Source: Linters/SAST tools

@KyleAMathews
KyleAMathews merged commit e753bc7 into main Oct 7, 2026
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@KyleAMathews
KyleAMathews deleted the codex/paced-review-2058 branch October 7, 2026 15:46
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Debounce and throttle paced mutations allow concurrent persistence despite the documented single-flight contract

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